How does climate change affect biodiversity?

Climate change significantly impacts biodiversity through alterations in habitats and ecosystems, which can lead to species extinction. As the climate shifts, various factors, such as temperature changes, altered precipitation patterns, and the frequency of extreme weather events, disrupt the delicate balance within ecosystems. These changes can degrade habitats, making them less suitable for the species that depend on them. For instance, warming temperatures can shift the geographical ranges of species, forcing them to migrate to cooler areas, but this is not always possible, especially for species with limited mobility or those found in specialized habitats.

The disruption of ecosystems can also lead to changes in species interactions, such as predation, competition, and symbiosis, which further complicate survival and reproduction. Some species may face direct threats due to a loss of food sources or suitable breeding grounds, while others may find themselves at a competitive disadvantage against invasive species that thrive in changing conditions.

Consequently, the effects of climate change are pervasive, leading to declines in species populations and potentially resulting in extinction events, particularly for vulnerable or specialized species. This systemic disruption underscores the critical relationship between climate and biodiversity, highlighting why understanding this connection is essential for conservation efforts.