How is biodiversity best defined?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within a particular ecosystem, encompassing the different species, genetic variations, and the complex interactions that occur among them. This definition highlights that biodiversity is not just about counting species but also about understanding the range of ecosystems and the relationships that exist within them. It incorporates the complexity and variability of life, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and the ecological processes that sustain them.

While it is true that the number of species in a single habitat is an aspect of biodiversity, it does not capture the full scope of the concept, which includes the relationships and roles these species play within their ecosystems. The total biomass of an area and the frequency of species extinction do not pertain directly to biodiversity itself; they are more specific metrics or consequences that can be influenced by biodiversity. Thus, the focus on the variety of life within an ecosystem effectively encompasses the broader nuances and interactions that are essential for maintaining healthy and resilient ecosystems.