What can cause visibility impairment according to the effects of nitrogen oxides?

Visibility impairment can be significantly affected by the presence of nitrate particles and nitrogen dioxide, which are both derivatives of nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides are produced from various human activities, particularly burning fossil fuels in vehicles and power plants. When these gases enter the atmosphere, they can react with other pollutants and atmospheric components to form particulate matter, such as nitrates.

Nitrate particles are particularly concerning because they can scatter light, reducing visibility in the air. Additionally, nitrogen dioxide can contribute to the formation of smog, which is a mixture of particulate matter and gases that can obscure sight. When present in significant quantities, these substances not only harm air quality but also affect how clearly we can see distances or objects under certain weather conditions.

Thus, the reason why nitrate particles and nitrogen dioxide can cause visibility impairment lies in their physical properties and their ability to interact with light in a way that diminishes clarity in the atmosphere.