What is an aquifer?

An aquifer is defined as an underground layer of porous rock that can hold and transmit groundwater. This characteristic is pivotal because the porosity and permeability of the rock allow water to be stored and moved through the aquifer. Aquifers serve as critical sources of freshwater for many regions, supplying wells and springs, and play a vital role in the hydrological cycle.

The definition aligns with how groundwater storage and movement functions beneath the Earth's surface, making it a crucial resource for agricultural, municipal, and industrial purposes. Understanding the physical properties of aquifers helps in managing water resources effectively, especially in areas where water scarcity is prevalent.