What is the purpose of an environmental impact assessment (EIA)?

The purpose of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project before it is initiated. This process involves a detailed analysis of how a project's construction, operation, and eventual decommissioning might affect the environment, including aspects like air and water quality, wildlife, vegetation, and overall ecosystem health.

Conducting an EIA is crucial as it helps to identify and mitigate negative environmental impacts at an early stage, allowing for informed decision-making by project developers, regulatory agencies, and the public. By anticipating potential problems, it ensures that projects are designed and implemented with sustainable practices in mind, helping to protect the environment while also considering socio-economic factors.

In contrast, options that suggest reducing project costs or promoting industrial development do not align with the primary focus of an EIA, which is centered on environmental protection and sustainability. Similarly, while enforcing existing environmental laws is important, it is not the function of an EIA; rather, it's aimed at assessing new projects specifically.