What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Decomposers play a crucial role in an ecosystem by breaking down dead organic material. This process is essential because it recycles nutrients back into the soil, making them available for plants and other organisms. When decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and detritivores like earthworms break down dead plants and animals, they release vital nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, which are necessary for the growth of new plants. This recycling is vital for sustaining the health of ecosystems, allowing for continuous productivity and supporting the entire food web. Without decomposers, organic matter would accumulate, and ecosystems would become less functional over time due to nutrient depletion.