Which of the following best describes the concept of ecosystem services?

The concept of ecosystem services refers to the benefits that ecosystems provide to humans, which play a crucial role in sustaining human life and the economy. These services can be categorized into four main types: provisioning (like food and water), regulating (such as climate regulation and flood control), cultural (including recreational benefits and aesthetic enjoyment), and supporting (which encompass nutrient cycling and soil formation).

Option C accurately encapsulates this definition as it emphasizes the relationship between ecosystems and the benefits they provide to human societies. This understanding highlights the importance of preserving biodiversity and healthy ecosystems to ensure that these services continue for future generations.

In contrast, the other options do not correctly convey the full scope of ecosystem services. For instance, claiming that these services benefit only urban areas neglects the fundamental role that ecosystems play in all environments. Focusing solely on the monetary value of natural resources fails to recognize the intrinsic ecological functions and benefits that aren't easily quantified in economic terms. Finally, limiting ecosystem services to those of higher trophic levels ignores the contributions of lower trophic levels and other components of ecosystems that are essential for maintaining ecological balance and supporting life.